The Battle of Manila (1945): Memory and Meaning
- museomaritimo
- 1 day ago
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February 3, 2026 – Pasay City, NCR, Philippines
Article by AIMS Museo Maritimo Team
From February 3 to March 3, 1945, the city of Manila became the site of one of the most tragic urban battles of the Second World War. What began as a campaign to liberate the capital from Japanese occupation ended in destruction and civilian loss (Phocas, 2023).
As American forces returned to Luzon, they were joined by Filipino soldiers and local guerrillas who had endured years of occupation. Yet within the city, Japanese naval forces chose to fight to the end, turning Manila into a battleground of intense fighting and bombardment. Heavy fighting and explosions damaged much of the city, including historic places like Intramuros.
Civilians were the ones who suffered the most. By the end of the battle, about 100,000 civilians had lost their lives (Vergun, 2025). The Battle of Manila in 1945 was a turning point in the Philippines’ journey toward liberation.
Today, we remember Manila not only for the bravery of those who fought but also for the resilience of its people who endured unimaginable hardship. By reflecting on this battle, we honor their sacrifices and the resilience of a city and a nation that rose from devastation to reclaim freedom, dignity, and peace.
References:
Phocas, B. (2023, August 01). Fighting for the Pearl of the Orient: Lessons from the Battle of Manila. Modern War Institute.
Vergun, D. (2025, February 11). Battle of Manila Foreshadowed Future Urban Warfare, Provided Lessons Learned. U.S. Department of War.